The Zygo surface profilers use interferometers built into the microscope objectives, in either a Michelson (left) or Mirau (right) configuration.
The objectives are calibrated so that the point of zero optical path difference (zero OPD) is the same as the focal distance, i.e., the distance from the beamsplitter to the reference surface is the same as the focal length. This means fringes will appear when the test part is in focus. You will hear working distance, focal distance, and zero OPD used interchangeably during training.
Optical profilometry is a non-contact imaging technique. The only way to break the instrument is to: