Achieving the Potential of Conservation

Narrator: Kansas, a land of wheat, and corn, and cattle. In the heart of the country, it's number 48 out of all 50 states in energy efficiency. So this is a place where energy conservation can really make a difference.

Man driving truck, talking to cows and pressing the truck horn: Come on, girls.

Nancy Jackson, Founder, Climate and Energy Project, Kansas: Our region is a region of farmers. We are famously conservative, and we have talked from the beginning about putting the conserve back in conservative.

Narrator: According to a study by the Natural Resources Defense Council, improvements in energy efficiency have the potential to deliver more than 700 billion dollars in cost savings in the U.S. alone. But, they say, motivating consumers to take action is the key to unlocking this potential and that was the aim of Nancy Jackson's Climate and Energy project, with its Take Charge Challenge.

Nancy Jackson: Kansans are patriotic, Kansans are hardworking, Kansans are humble.

Narrator: And Kansans are competitive.

Dorothy Barnett, Executive Director, Climate and Energy Project: You all are competing against Ottawa, Baldwin City, and Paola, so really, you gotta beat those guys, yes?

Lady representing Take Charge Challenge: Do you want to help us beat Manhattan?

Narrator: 2011 was the second year for the Take Charge Challenge, a friendly competition among 16 communities arranged in four regional groups aiming to reduce their local energy use.

Ray Hammarlund, FMR, Director, State Energy Office Kansas Corporation Commission: Some of the lowest cost, most effective ways that you can take ownership of your energy future is taking ownership of the efficiency and the conservation of your house or your business.

Narrator: Ray Hammarlund's office used federal stimulus dollars to fund four prizes of 100,000 for each of the four regions in the competition. Just as important as the grand prize, 25,000 went to each community to fund local coordinators who took the lead in galvanizing grassroots efforts. Here's how the challenge worked in Iola.

Judy Brigham, FMR, City Manager, Iola Kansas: The challenge started in January of this year and ends October 1st. You're required to have three community events. We're going to have a lot more than that.

Jeff Risley, FMR, Exec. Director, Climate and Energy Project: Today, we are at the Fight The Energy Hog Festival.

Becky Nilges, Team Leader, Iola Take Charge Challenge: I love the hog. He was just so ugly that he is cute. He represents energy hogs in your home. You would probably let him in, but you don't know the damage he's going to do.

Narrator: Competing towns scored points by counting how many CFL bulbs and programmable thermostats were installed and how many professional home energy audits were done.

Russ Rudy, Energy Auditor, Ozawkie, Kansas: Our job as energy auditors, both for commercial buildings, as well as residential buildings, is, we're essentially detectives. What's happening here, is there a great deal of air leakage? And we're finding that the majority of the houses that we're dealing with actually use a lot more energy than they need to.

Narrator: In Lawrence, a house of worship did an energy audit, made changes, and got a pretty nice donation in its collection plate.

David Owen, Trinity Episcopal Church, Lawrence Kansas: One part of the audit was to contact the power company. Well, during that process, we discovered they had been overcharging us. And so we got a check, a rebate check from them for 4,456 dollars.

Narrator: Other changes start small, but add up.

David Owen: We were a little bit worried at one point that the congregation would not accept the very bright, white type lights. So as an experiment, we took one of these chandeliers and changed all the bulbs in it to the CFLs. And then we took the priest over here, and we said, "Which one did we do?" and he could not tell us. So that told us it was ok to do them all.

Narrator: Changing lights, adding insulation, and upgrading windows paid off.

David Owen: Even though it's an old building, we saved 64 percent on the consumption of energy in this room.

Narrator: Lighting makes up about 15 percent of a typical home's electricity bill, and lighting all of our residential and commercial buildings uses about 13 percent of the nation's total electricity. But changing out old bulbs is a lot easier than paying for audits and the energy enhancements they recommend. Here's where the 2011 Take Charge Challenge promised material assistance using stimulus funds.

Ken Wagner, Mayor, Baldwin City Kansas: It's a 500 dollar audit that costs you 100 dollars. The rest of that $500 is covered under the Take Charge Challenge program through the Kansas Energy Office. We really love the competitive spirit of the program and I think it's really raised a whole awareness of energy efficiency and the importance of energy efficiency to a lot of segments in our community here.

Narrator: Even Baldwin City bankers were grateful for financial assistance from state and federal governments.

Dave Hill, Mid-America Bank, Baldwin City Kansas: Nine months ago, we installed a 14 kilowatt solar power system. I believe the initial cost of the system was basically 65,000 dollars, and then we got a substantial grant from USDA, I believe it was 20,000 dollars. We have about 18,000 dollars of our own money invested in the system, after all the deductions. We think it will pay out in about 7-8 years.

Narrator: David Crane of NRG Energy thinks that kind of approach makes good business sense.

David Crane, CEO, NRC Energy: What I say to every businessman who has a customer-facing business, think of a solar panel not only as a source of electricity, think of it as a billboard. You don't even have to write your name on it. Just put it on the top of your store and it will be sending a message to your customers that you're doing the right thing when it comes to sustainable energy.

Narrator: Surveys of why conservation is hard to achieve have found that people want one-stop shopping, a place where they can find out what to do and get practical recommendations about who to hire and what it all might cost, just what this new facility was to offer. Now it's mid-October, time for the results of the 2011 Take Charge Challenge.

MC: Fort Scott..And the winner is Baldwin City.

Nancy Jackson: Over 100 billion BTUs were saved as a result of this Challenge, and millions and millions of dollars in each community. Those savings come from measures that have been installed that will guarantee those savings for years to come. So the savings are enormous over time.

Ken Wagner: 100,000 dollars has a nice ring to it, and it's a nice cash award for a community of our size. Our challenge now is to continue on with energy efficiency and encourage our community to save.

Nancy Jackson: One of our real goals was to help people to stop thinking about energy efficiency as the things they shouldn't do, as what not to do, and think about it instead as a tremendous opportunity to both save money in the near term, and to make our electric system more resilient in the long term. So it's about what we can do, both individually and together. And for us, that feels like the real win.

Unknown speaker: The United States today is twice as energy efficient as it was in the 1970s. And I think we have the capability in the decades ahead to become twice as energy efficient again.

Nancy Wagner: We believe this is something that can be done really anywhere with great success.

Narrator: Baltimore, Maryland. According to one study, the air in Maryland is the 5th dirtiest in the nation. Are there ways for America's 21st largest city to cut emissions and save energy and money?

Alice Kennedy, Sustainability Coordinator, Baltimore: Baltimore is unique in that it has over 225 neighborhoods within the city limits.

Narrator: Like Kansas, it's been using competition to jump-start the process of sustainability.

Text On Screen: Park Heights neighborhood, Baltimore, MD

Narrator: BNEC, the Baltimore Neighborhood Energy Challenge, used existing events like this anti-crime rally in the Park Heights neighborhood to let city residents know about opportunities to save energy and to share the top ten things to do.

Alice Kennedy: We are willing to go and talk to anybody, anywhere, where we can get some face time with people to talk about energy savings and conservation. And if it means going to an event talking about crime, we will go to an event talking about crime. If it's about a neighborhood block party, we will go to a neighborhood block party. We find people where we can get them.

Narrator: In addition to sharing information, the Baltimore Challenge enlisted energy captains to canvass their own neighborhoods, taking the conservation message directly to homeowners. That's something the challenge's utility partners knew they couldn't do.

Ruth Kiselewich, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company: If somebody just comes to your door and asks you to sign a petition to help the environment, to reduce your energy use, or if you see a message even from the local utility about all these great things you can do, it's not enough.

Thomas Stosur, City Planning Director, Baltimore, MD: Unique thing about BNEC is the fact that it builds on this neighbor-to-neighbor advocacy and communication for energy conservation, and it goes right down to the household level, you know, neighbors talking to each other across the yard.

Robbyn Lewis, Patterson Park Energy Captain, Baltimore: What do you guys do to save energy at home?

Citizen: Leave the lights off. During the day, we turn the lights off. When we're not looking at TV, we turn the TV off. So the TV cannot watch itself. That's basically what we do.

Narrator: To jump-start energy savings, the challenge has a bag of free stuff including indoor/outdoor CFLs, just right for the porch lights so characteristic of Baltimore.

Robbyn Lewis: Would you be interested in trying that if you can get up there?

Citizen: Yes! Well, he will!

Citizen: Everyone's household budgets are shrinking right now, too. so, I think that if we all just can be wise about what we're doing, we're all going save a little bit of money.

Robbyn: So, you're all signed up? Thank you so much!

Citizen:  I think I have to give you my account number.

Narrator: The challenge found that neighbor-to-neighbor sharing could be even more effective when the energy captains went inside homes to demonstrate quick and effective steps in a simplified peer-to-peer energy audit.

Inez Robb, Energy Captain, Fulton Community Associate: Then when you're not here or you're not using it, turn the power strip off.

Narrator: For Baltimore residents, saving water also saves substantial dollars, and this simple bladder reduces the amount used in each and every flush. What impressed the organizers of the first year's challenge was that Park Heights, home to the Pimlico racetrack and one of the most underserved neighborhoods, saved the most energy, nearly 13 percent. The organizers said the main reason was the energy and enthusiasm of the Park Heights energy captains.

Thomas Stosur: They actually saw those residents who participated there, the largest benefit of any of the neighborhoods.

Text on screen: Zeta Senior Center Park Heights Neighborhood

Thomas Stosur: To see this very grassroots effort take off and outperform any other neighborhood was really impressive.

Narrator: The Park Heights captains were also successful in applying for follow-on funding to continue their conservation efforts. The announcement of the 2011 community energy saving grants brought out U.S. Senator Ben Cardin and Baltimore mayor, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake.

Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, Baltimore Mayor: Saving energy means lower utility costs and after the heat wave we've had, I'm sure everyone is interested in lower utility costs and the knowledge about energy savings is contagious.

Narrator: Baltimore city itself took lessons from the challenge and started pitting city departments against each other in a competition to catch energy vampires around city buildings. Using their new grant, the Park Heights captains started planning a new outreach campaign, using junior energy ambassadors to reach out to schools and others. With homeowners' permission, challenge staff could access utility bills and so track energy savings, neighborhood by neighborhood.

Alice Kennedy: So, we actually are able to show that we have proven savings by looking at utility usage data and showing that some of these little actions in the home can help save money and save energy.

Narrator: Bottom line, thanks in part to the challenge, Baltimore is on track to meet its goal of reducing carbon emissions and energy use 15 percent by 2015 and the utilities can cut back too.

Ruth Kiselewich: As we reduce energy use and energy demand, what we're doing is we're eliminating the need for a new medium-size power plant. Particularly in hard economic times, this challenge helps build a sense of, "I can accomplish something individually. I can impact my life in a very positive way."

 Stephanie Rawlings-Blake: Saving energy means a reduced strain on our power grid, lower utility costs, as well as reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Which means, for generations to come, we will have better air quality and a cleaner and more sustainable Baltimore.

Narrator: Can what cities do locally really move the dial toward national sustainability? Portland, Oregon, shows what's possible. 70 percent of all the oil consumed in America is used for transportation. But congestion wastes a huge amount, perhaps 16 percent of all the oil imported from the Persian Gulf.

Earl Blumenauer, US Representative, OR 3^rd District: Despite our best efforts, we are still taking 10 percent of the world's petroleum supply just to get back and forth to work every day.

Narrator: Congressman Earl Blumenauer represents Oregon's third district, including Portland. He heads up the Congressional bike caucus. And his city started finding solutions some 30 years back.

Susan Anderson, Director, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, Portland, OR: You know, one of the things we did was, we have an urban growth boundary. And what that is, is a ring around the city of Portland and its surrounding suburbs so that we cannot kind of sprawl out and we can't become Los Angeles.

Narrator: Between 1950 and 1990, America's urban population grew by 90 percent. But cities' land area grew more than 250 percent. Remarkably, Portland bucked that trend of urban sprawl.

Sam Adams, Mayor, Portland OR: Key decisions made include a move from investment in freeways into transit and also to integrate transit planning with land use planning.

Narrator: Along with region-wide thinking, Portland now has an infrastructure that emphasizes mass transit, along with something this city pioneered in the 19th century... bicycles. It may be easy to parody Portland's love affair with all things green including the cycling community. But putting bikes to work has practical advantages if they can be made into something used for more than pure recreation. That's the purpose of what's called the Oregon Manifest, a design challenge to come up with clever and practical ways to transport packages as well as people.

Stephanie Noll, Bike Transportation Alliance: A decade ago, it was hard to find a bike that was not a racing bike or a mountain bike or a touring bike. Now any bike shop that you walk into, in the city of Portland anyway, you'll find city bikes, bikes that are really made for commuting to and from work, from riding to the park to the grocery store.

Narrator: Half of U.S. car trips cover less than 10 miles, and short trips where engines make a cold start are the most gasoline intensive and polluting. So if city bikes like these became mass-produced and popular and if every one of the nation's more than 100,000,000 households substituted one 5-mile trip each day, the nation would save 36.5 billion dollars on gasoline. Already, one young entrepreneur has put Portland's non-polluting pedal power to work and made a business of it.

Franklin Jones, Owner, B-Line Urban Delivery: We use these large tricycle trucks to deliver products into a two-mile radius of the urban core for Portland. We deliver everything from bread and produce to office products to water to cycle parts. Each trike can carry about 800 pounds. They're all electric-assisted. So it's a hybrid human and electric power. The less congestion we have, our goods and services move faster. We're an international global city. We have to be scrappy, so bicyclists are about reducing congestion. Over the past 2 1/2 years, we've helped displace over 25,000 truck or van-based deliveries. And when you start to look at the overall greenhouse gas reduction and avoidance, day by day it's not very much, but cumulatively it really starts to stack up.

Narrator: Cycling may be an outward and very visible sign of a transition away from cars, but the region's mass transit network also has serious numbers.

George Beard, Office of Research and Strategic Partnerships, Portland State University: We have been electrifying our transportation for 30 years here. And today there's literally about 150,000 boardings per day. And that means that people who otherwise might be traveling around in cars are traveling around in electrons.

Earl Blumenauer: As a result of how we put the pieces together in Portland over the last 1/3 of a century, Portlanders voluntarily drive 20 percent less than the national average. This translates into a dollar savings for the typical household of more than 2,500 dollars a year. And that's money that stays in our community. It is not going to Houston or Saudi Arabia, Japan or Germany.

Narrator: Portland's leaders talk about the trip not taken as something that saves money and benefits the environment. Currently, more than a quarter of Portland's workforce commutes by bike, carpool or mass transit. But planners are working on the next giant step in low carbon transportation, electric vehicles.

Unknown Speaker: I think we get to the point where electric vehicles will be able to do, you know, 98 percent of the personal transportation needs, and of course, that's mainly in the cities and the suburbs.

Narrator: An average Portlander's daily commute of 20 miles could easily be powered by a single battery charge. So Electric Avenue is a test site to get ground truth on how people might use e-vehicles.

George Beard: We think the next 10 to 30 years is going to be focusing on individual passenger vehicles like the ones behind me and also on urban freight and service vehicles, those parcel delivery trucks, the post office.

Narrator: Those vehicles also make lots of short trips with starts and stops, producing emissions and using up a lot of fuel. Nationally, companies like Frito-Lay are competing with others like Federal Express to see who can deploy the most low emission delivery vehicles.

Unknown Speaker: Tailpipe emissions are the single greatest source of emissions in our major cities. So I think probably every mayor, everywhere, supports the idea of getting more vehicles on their local roads that don't have tailpipes.

Narrator: Portland's original plans concentrated on land use and transportation. The focus for the future is the neighborhood. The goal is what's called a 20-minute neighborhood with most everything a family needs in easy walking or biking distance, where kids can learn how to ride safely to and from school.

Earl Blumenauer: This effort of integrating the pedestrian, streetcar, bike, along with mixed-use development, it is enriching the experience of going to the store, going to visit a neighbor and makes us a more sustainable, cost-effective community.

Narrator: Portland's transportation innovations have direct economic benefits.

Susan Anderson: By actually doing the right things here, we've built this base of great export. We've got solar firms, wind firms. We have firms focused on energy efficiency with hundreds and hundreds of employees. And they're locating here, or they grew up here because we were trying to do something, and we built demand here.

Sam Adams: We're one of the cheapest cities on the West Coast because we offer options other than having to own a car to live and work and have a good life.

Susan Anderson: I think just like anything you're trying to do, whether it's a business or a government or a city, good things don't happen by accident. You need to have some good plans.

Earl Blumenauer: We can reduce that carbon footprint while we provide economic opportunities for our citizens and others.