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One-Way Ranging
Source: GPS for Land Surveyors
Two-Way Ranging
Source: GPS for Land Surveyors
Unlike an EDM measurement, the wavelengths of GPS carriers cannot be periodically changed to resolve the cycle ambiguity problem. GPS needs a different strategy. The satellites broadcast only three carriers, L1, L2 and L5. They have constant wavelengths and only propagate from the satellites to the receivers, one direction. Still, the carrier phase measurements remain an important observable in GPS ranging.